Forest product
Juniper berries
Picture to come.
The small blue-black 'berries' (strictly, fleshy cones) of the juniper, a shrub of chalk downs, heaths and northern uplands. Juniper had a long reputation in European medicine going back to classical times, and its wood and berries were burned to cleanse and sweeten the air. Its best-known modern use, flavouring gin, belongs to much later centuries. Specific evidence for how it was used in twelfth-century England is thin.
Caveats (confidence: medium)
Most documented British uses are later medieval or early modern; 12th-century English use is inferred rather than attested.
Sources: treesforlife.org.uk
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