Metal smelted from ore found in Cornwall and Devon, the only significant English sources. In the 12th century the ore was smelted twice: first near the workings, traditionally with peat as fuel, then again at appointed towns where it was assayed and taxed. In 1198 William de Wrotham took charge of the Crown's stannaries and sharply increased royal revenue. Tin was alloyed to make bronze and pewter.
Caveats (confidence: high)
The more efficient blowing house, allowing a single smelting, is dated to around 1300 or later. The extent of pewter use in the 12th century is not quantified.
Sources: historyofeconomicthought.mcmaster.ca · en.wikipedia.org
Made by
- Smelt tin in a peat hearth
- Blow tin