Metal

Copper

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A reddish metal used for vessels and, alloyed with tin or zinc, for bronze and brass objects. England had no working copper mines in this period: medieval copper was imported from the Continent, mainly Germany. It went to brasiers, who cast cauldrons, pots and other items, and to metalworkers. English copper mining resumed only in Tudor times.

Caveats (confidence: medium)

Specific 12th-century continental sources are not detailed in the sources consulted.

Sources: copper.org · medievallondon.ace.fordham.edu

Used to make

Beat a copper vesselgives Copper; from Copper; with any hammer (stone hammer, iron hammer), any anvil (stone anvil, cast-iron anvil); at smithy; by smith, armourer
Make a stillgives Still (alembic); from Copper, Copper, Clay; with any hammer (stone hammer, iron hammer), any anvil (stone anvil, cast-iron anvil); at smithy; by smith, armourer

Caveats (confidence: medium)

Used to make

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