Forest product

Oak bark

Oak timber → Oak bark → Leather → Bellows

Picture to come.

The main tanning material of medieval England. Bark was stripped from oak trees, often felled or coppiced ones, in spring and summer when it peels easily, then dried and ground. Hides were soaked for many months in pits of bark liquor, whose tannins turned them into durable leather for shoes, harness, belts and bags. Oak-bark tanning in Britain goes back to prehistory.

Caveats (confidence: high)

Modern accounts of pit durations reflect later practice; 12th-century timings are not directly recorded.

Sources: heritagecrafts.org.uk

Made by

Fell timbergathered, not made; with any axe (axe, billhook); by woodcutter
Cut coppicegathered, not made; with any axe (axe, billhook); by woodcutter
Hew an oak beamfrom Oak timber; with any axe (axe, billhook), Adze; at hewing floor; by carpenter
Hew a great oak beamfrom Great oak timber; with any axe (axe, billhook), Adze; at hewing floor; by carpenter

Used to make

Tan leathergives Leather, Spent tan bark; from any hides (hide, sheepskin, deerskin), Oak bark, Salt; at tannery; by tanner
Tan leather in a bare pitgives Leather, Spent tan bark; from any hides (hide, sheepskin, deerskin), Oak bark; at bare tanning pit; by tanner

Caveats (confidence: high)

Made by

Used to make

Tell me when World 1 opens