Fuel

Coal

Picture to come.

Mineral coal, dug from outcrops and shallow pits where seams reached the surface. Late 12th-century records show the first signs of its exploitation: the Boldon Book of 1183 names 'coalsmiths' in County Durham, and smiths were probably its main users. Wood and charcoal remained the usual fuels; large-scale coal burning came much later.

Caveats (confidence: medium)

The 12th-century term 'collier' could mean a charcoal-burner, so early references are ambiguous; uses in this period are poorly documented.

Sources: wilcuma.org.uk

Made by

Dig oregathered, not made; with Pick; by miner

Used to make

Boil brinegives Salt; from any fuel (poles, ash poles, firewood and 5 more); with Lead salt pan; at saltern (salt pans)
Fire potterygives Pots, Wood ash; from Clay, any fuel (poles, ash poles, firewood and 5 more); at kiln; by potter
Fire bricksgives Bricks; from Clay, any fuel (poles, ash poles, firewood and 5 more); at kiln; by potter
Fire tilesgives Tiles; from Clay, any fuel (poles, ash poles, firewood and 5 more); at kiln; by potter
Burn limegives Quicklime; from any lime stone (limestone, chalk), any fuel (poles, ash poles, firewood and 5 more); at lime kiln
Render tallowgives Tallow; from Raw fat, any fuel (poles, ash poles, firewood and 5 more); at chandler's shop
Bakegives Bread; from Flour, any fuel (poles, ash poles, firewood and 5 more); at bakery; by baker
Malt and brewgives Ale, Spent grain; from any grain (wheat, barley, oats and 1 more), any fuel (poles, ash poles, firewood and 5 more); at brewhouse; by brewer
Brew (alehouse, half batch)gives Ale, Spent grain; from any grain (wheat, barley, oats and 1 more), any fuel (poles, ash poles, firewood and 5 more); at alehouse; by brewer
Boil pitchgives Pitch; from Pine resin, any fuel (poles, ash poles, firewood and 5 more)
Smelt tin in a peat hearthgives Tin, Slag; from Black tin, any fuel (poles, ash poles, firewood and 5 more); at bole hearth; by smelter
Fire glazed potterygives Glazed pots; from Clay, Lead glaze, any fuel (poles, ash poles, firewood and 5 more); at kiln; by potter
Smelt lead at the ore hearthgives Lead, Slag; from Lead ore, any fuel (poles, ash poles, firewood and 5 more); at ore hearth; by smelter
Smelt lead from dressed ore at the ore hearthgives Lead, Slag; from Dressed lead ore, any fuel (poles, ash poles, firewood and 5 more); at ore hearth; by smelter

Caveats (confidence: medium)

Made by

Used to make

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